The sector is faced with the following challenges:

• Land scarcity as a result of high population.
• Soil fertility has deteriorated dramatically over time which has resulted into low agriculture output.
• Rwanda’s land is at a high risk of erosion hence limiting agriculture in some areas.
• The growth of coffee exports has been held back by fluctuating international coffee prices hence low income from coffee export.
• Rwandan agriculture continues to be characterized by very low levels of inputs in the form either organic manure or other fertilizers.
• Agriculture is based on rainfall as little irrigation goes on in Rwanda.
• There is danger of low soil fertility and soil erosion as of deforestation.
• Low purchasing power among the rural people.
• Lack of awareness about market dynamics by the farmers in the country.
• Limited market participation by the farmers
• Lack of access to financial services.
• Agricultural advisory services are not easily accessed by the rural farmers.